THE HISTORY OF HYPNOSIS
HISTORY OF HYPNOSIS
"It hath oft appeared, while I have been soothing my patient as if there were some strange property in my hands to pull and draw away from the afflicted parts aches and diverse impurities, by laying my hand upon the place, and by extending my fingers toward it. It is thus known to the learned that health may be impressed on the sick by certain movements and by contact, just as some diseases may be communicated from one to another."
Hypocrites
(Reported by Tacitus)
EARLY HISTORY:
1. Primitive people: induction of trance by rhythm-drums, chanting, etc.
2. Hindus: Vashikaran Vidya, Samhoini Vidya
3. Egyptians and Greeks: Sleep Temples
4. Decline of hypnosis with the advent of Christianity
MODERN HISTORY:
1. Franz Anton Mesmer (1733 - 1815), Austria--"Baquet" in Paris--"Animal Magnetism;" committee's report to Louis XVI.
2. Marquis de Puysegur (1751 - 1825) Experimented with "Mesmerism;� Somnambulistic state instead of "grand crisis".
3. Abbe Faria, Goa, India--in 1814 in Paris experimentally concluded that hypnosis was rooted in suggestion--Authored De La Cause du Sommeil Lucide.
4. Dr. James Braid (1795 - 1860), Scottish physician--used the term "Hypnotism" in 1841 - 42.
5. Dr. John Elliotson (1791 - 1868) suggested the use of the phenomenon in anesthesia; in 1846 he started the first journal on hypnotism.
6. Dr. James Esdaile (1808 - 1859) reported the use of hypnosis in major operations in Calcutta, India.
7. 1891--favorable report on hypnosis by British Medical Association.
8. A. A. Liebeault (1832 - 1904) Father of Modern Hypnotism--Nancy School--use of hypnosis in therapy.
9. Dr. Josep Breuer (1842 - 1925), Austria, responsible for trying to get at the cause rather than remove symptoms by suggestions. Freud, was influenced by Breuer, especially In the case of "Anna O.� who relieved her trauma and experienced catharsis under hypnosis.
10. Professor Hippolyte Bernheim (1837 - 1919) also at Nancy, France--published two books: De la Suggestion, and La Therapeutique Suggestive, that established hypnosis as an important psychotherapeutic method.
11. Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825 - 1893), Paris--regarded as the founder of clinical neurology--led Salp�tri�re school of thought in the field of hypnosis--hypnosis hypnotized--his theory was demolished by Bernheim of Nancy School.
12. Dr. Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939), Vienna--attended Charcot's demonstrations of hypnosis in 1885-86-used hypnosis in his practice and later developed the method of free association between 1892 - 1895 that became a cornerstone of psychoanalysis.
13. World War I: revival of hypnosis due to many cases of psychogenic origin and scarcity of psychiatrists--hypnosis widely used in the treatment of battle neurosis such as shell-shock--Hadfield coined the term "hypno-analysis," a method used successfully during World War II.
14. In 1950 J.L. Moreno and J. M. Enneis publish Hypnodrama and Psychodrama, explaining hypnodrama is a synthesis of psychodrama and hypnosis.
15. In 1953 British Medical Association officially recognized hypnosis as a therapeutic technique and endorsed its use in medicine.
16. In 1958 American Medical Association officially approved hypnosis in medicine and dentistry.
17. First college credit course in hypnosis in Canada designed and taught by Rooshikumar Pandya, John Abbot College, and Montreal in 1972.
18. First formal course in hypnosis in India taught by Rooshikumar Pandya in 1973 under the auspices of the Indo-American Society, Bombay, India.
19. Institutions engaged in teaching and doing experimental and clinical work in hypnosis in U.S.A. includes: The American Institute of Hypnosis, The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis, The Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Association to Advance Ethical Hypnosis, American Psychological Association (Division Thirty).
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